Command Form: ls -l

Use

ls -l ~/playground

What It Does

ls -l shows a long listing with permissions, ownership, size, timestamp, and name.

Reading The First Column

-rw-r--r--
drwxr-xr-x

The first character is type: - for a regular file, d for directory. The next nine characters are owner, group, and other permissions.

Watch Out

Use ls -ld directory when you want the directory’s own metadata instead of its contents.

Docs Pointers

• Run man ls and search for -l.
• Read ls, permissions, and directory.